Traditional behaviorists like Watson concluded that

Question

QUESTION 1

Which of the following findings raises doubt about Chomsky’s assumption that grammatical knowledge is innately determined?

a. Adults and adolescents have more difficulty acquiring a second language than young children

b. Complete mastery of some grammatical forms is not achieved until well into middle childhood.

c. Chimpanzees learn to communicate through sign language and symbols.

d. As children acquire language, the brain becomes increasingly specialized for language processing

1 points

QUESTION 2

According to Erikson, children learn how to cooperate with others during the __________ stage.

a. basic trust versus mistrust

b. autonomy versus shame and doubt

c. initiative versus guilt

d. industry versus inferiority

1 points

QUESTION 3

By the end of the first year, babies become increasingly skilled at

a. establishing an internal working model.

b. joint attention

c. social smiling.

d. labeling their feelings.

1 points

QUESTION 4

Societal order responsibilities that were once a function of the family are now assumed by

a. schools.

b. political and legal institutions.

c. farms and stores

d. churches.

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. Valerie is a college student studying to become a speech/language pathologist. In one of her classes, she is learning about the rules that govern the structure and sequencing of speech sounds. Valerie is studying

a. phonology.

b. grammar

c. semantics.

d. pragmatics.

1 points

QUESTION 6

In contrast to Freud, Erikson:

a. viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development

b. recognized the lifespan nature of development

c. minimized the role of culture in individual development

d. focused on the impact of early experiences on later behavior.

1 points

QUESTION 7

Mr. Garcia is often impatient and uses harsh discipline with his 4-year-old son, Liam. Liam, in turn, is aggressive and rebellious. This example illustrates a(n) __________ influence on development.

a. direct

b. indirect

c. third-party

d. temporal

1 points

QUESTION 8

One important criticism of behaviorism is that it

a. cannot be effectively applied to infants or to small children

b. underestimates children’s contributions to their own development

c. only works in the laboratory, not in children’s everyday lives.

d. puts too much emphasis on children’s genetic traits.

1 points

QUESTION 9

In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, children

a. consider all possible outcomes in a scientific problem.

b. develop the capacity for abstract thinking.

c. reason with symbols that do not refer to real-world objects.

d. transform cognition into logical reasoning.

1 points

QUESTION 10

Traditional behaviorists like Watson concluded that __________ is the supreme force in development.

a. environment

b. heredity

c. sexuality

d. make-believe play

1 points